Students correct three rock type errors — sedimentary rocks described as forming from cooled magma, metamorphic rocks defined as layered sediment, and granite called a sedimentary rock. Part B has four fill-in-the-blank questions defining igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Part C has two short-answer questions about how igneous rocks form and the rock-versus-mineral distinction.
Associating each rock type with its distinct formation process is the single most important foundation for all rock and mineral study.
Style:
Rocks and Minerals
Part A: Fix the Sentence
Each sentence has an error. Rewrite it correctly on the line.
1. Fix the sentence:
Sedimentary rocks form when melted rock cools and hardens underground or on the surface.
Rewrite: Igneous rocks form when melted rock cools and hardens. Sedimentary rocks form when layers of sediment are pressed and cemented together.
2. Fix the sentence:
Metamorphic rocks are formed by layers of sand and mud piling up at the bottom of a lake.
Rewrite: Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are changed by extreme heat and pressure deep inside the Earth.
3. Fix the sentence:
Granite is a sedimentary rock made from layers of compressed sand.
Rewrite: Granite is an igneous rock that forms when magma cools slowly underground, allowing large mineral crystals to grow.
Part B: Fill in the Blank
Write the missing word or number on each line.
1. Rocks that form from cooled magma or lava are called igneous rocks.
2. Rocks made from layers of sediment pressed together are called sedimentary rocks.
3. Rocks changed by heat and pressure are called metamorphic rocks.
4. The continuous process of rocks changing from one type to another is the rock cycle.
Part C: Short Answer
Answer each question in one or two complete sentences.
1. How does an igneous rock form? Give one example.
Igneous rocks form when hot melted rock called magma or lava cools and hardens. Granite is an example that forms when magma cools slowly underground.
2. What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?
A mineral is a single natural substance with a specific chemical makeup, like quartz. A rock is made of two or more minerals combined together, like granite which contains quartz, feldspar, and mica.
Rocks and Minerals
★ Part A: Fix the Sentence
Each sentence has an error. Rewrite it correctly on the line.
1) Fix the sentence:
Sedimentary rocks form when melted rock cools and hardens underground or on the surface.
Rewrite: Igneous rocks form when melted rock cools and hardens. Sedimentary rocks form when layers of sediment are pressed and cemented together.
2) Fix the sentence:
Metamorphic rocks are formed by layers of sand and mud piling up at the bottom of a lake.
Rewrite: Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are changed by extreme heat and pressure deep inside the Earth.
3) Fix the sentence:
Granite is a sedimentary rock made from layers of compressed sand.
Rewrite: Granite is an igneous rock that forms when magma cools slowly underground, allowing large mineral crystals to grow.
★ Part B: Fill in the Blank
Write the missing word or number on each line.
1) Rocks that form from cooled magma or lava are called igneous rocks.
2) Rocks made from layers of sediment pressed together are called sedimentary rocks.
3) Rocks changed by heat and pressure are called metamorphic rocks.
4) The continuous process of rocks changing from one type to another is the rock cycle.
★ Part C: Short Answer
Answer each question in one or two complete sentences.
1) How does an igneous rock form? Give one example.
Igneous rocks form when hot melted rock called magma or lava cools and hardens. Granite is an example that forms when magma cools slowly underground.
2) What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?
A mineral is a single natural substance with a specific chemical makeup, like quartz. A rock is made of two or more minerals combined together, like granite which contains quartz, feldspar, and mica.
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