Exploration & Colonization — Answer Key
Part A: Fill in the Blank
Write the missing word or number on each line.
1. The first permanent English settlement was Jamestown founded in 1607.
Jamestown, Virginia was founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company. It was England's first permanent American colony.
2. The Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth on a ship called the Mayflower.
The Mayflower carried 102 Pilgrims from England to Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.
3. The Middle colonies were known as the breadbasket colonies because they grew wheat.
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware were called the breadbasket colonies for their fertile farmland and wheat exports.
4. Southern plantations grew tobacco, rice, and indigo as cash crops.
The Southern colonies' cash crops were tobacco (Virginia/North Carolina), rice, and indigo (South Carolina/Georgia).
5. The colony of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn for religious freedom.
William Penn (Quaker) founded Pennsylvania in 1681 as a colony where people of different religions could live peacefully.
6. New England colonists made money from fishing, lumber, and shipbuilding.
New England's rocky soil was poor for farming, so colonists turned to the sea: fishing, trading, and building ships.
7. The Mayflower Compact was the first document of self-government in America.
The Mayflower Compact (1620) was signed by Pilgrim men and established the principle of self-government.
8. Georgia was the last of the 13 colonies, founded in 1733.
Georgia, founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733, was the last of the 13 colonies to be established.
9. The crop that saved the Jamestown colony from failure was tobacco.
John Rolfe introduced tobacco cultivation in 1612. It became Jamestown's first profitable export and saved the colony.
Part B: Matching
Match each item on the left to the correct answer on the right.
1. Match each item to its correct answer.
New England colonies
→ fishing and lumber
plantation farming
Middle colonies
→ wheat and trade
first English settlement
Southern colonies
→ plantation farming
fishing and lumber
Jamestown
→ first English settlement
wheat and trade
New England=fishing and lumber(idx2); Middle=wheat and trade(idx3); Southern=plantation farming(idx0); Jamestown=first English settlement(idx1)